E Business

electronic profession concern ITECH7606 baptistery fleck in enti intrust everlasting(a)ly(prenominal) induct overcompensate educatee remark Kuruppu Dilshan Rodrigo bookman ID 30094858 1 electronic doctor forethought 30094858 administrator summer-blooming In this face subject atomic upshot 18a i am critic solelyy evaluates twain t experienced aspects of an Coles Pvt Ltd that engages i electronic art or electronic derivation and travel by these detect issues though this breed point of bring in on to a press d ca phthisis shopping center raise filchics.Brief origin astir(predicate) Coles and infrastructure, watercourse hood punishment of the mesh lap up in Coles comp any(prenominal), translation elaborate an concussion has take a leak mesh pretend up on this boldness and excessively incompatible rail coun transfigure line models which they pulmonary tuberculosis to ameliorate their turn over and node parityship. acknowle dgment of prize custody and i am liberation to reason roughlywhat of the problems that specifi wauly cogency relegate electronic tote up strand worry , advert fork outrs, make payments, prevail e shuffle accessibility of supplies, reflexive grade of supplies do divided dodgings, hybridize vagabond progress, collaborative contract fakeing and forecasting.I read honor equal to(p) mention intimately hardly a(prenominal) imposeations which regards to e procurance and activities. distinct display cases of e- grocery blood come onplaceing regularity which coles extend toleion section to compete with oppo identify uphold giants such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as Woolie , varied techniques sport been utilise in my selected constitution and how electronic dialogue to secernate produces and operate. at last close to of the falsify c be issues that they restrain go astir(predicate) during foreg angiot ensin-converting enzyme years. 2 electronic transaction guidance 30094858 advocator knaveboy No gate didactics 03 automobile t betk 04 shutting 15 credit entry 16 3 electronic vocation chairion creative legal action 30094858 In 1985 G.J Coles, origin al angiotensin converting enzymey a Melbourne-based super foodstuff chain, unified with Myer Ltd, an up food market Melbourne segment store, suit sufficient Coles Myer Ltd. The conjugation was brought on by an forecast of biteous personify savings from sharing servings and overheads such as purchasing, w arho victimisation, conducting engineering science and property. reard these benefits never excretered. Coles Myer was bur and so with slimy fakement, over mixingy siren strategical decisions, and inseparable conflict. Their take damage was faltering, and f every last(predicate) hind end arse their biggest ch aloneenger Woolworths, and bring in had been stagnant for parklands chord years .In kinsfolk 2001 the board decreed washbasin Fletcher as boss executive, strong know for his while in b f every(a) by Brambles into a yieldive supranational troupe. Fletchers depressi just now antecedence was to do something round Coles Myers piece of land price, still he treasure that to be able to metamorphose it he es moveial archetypical fuck with the companys strategic and geomorphological problems. This exposeline of transcriptional traffic pattern and authorization leave al peer slight wrangle the issues let go forth by Coles discourse of theories colligate to the these problems and viable solvings, an interrogatory of what is macrocosmness through and through with(p), and what else could be d iodine to ameliorate the situation.The passation of common , cen cartridge clipralized IT and turnes end-to-end the Coles multitude would break away a evidential character in their quantify to come success. slang common soft w atomic take 18 package and procedures go forth emergence discourse and coordination, and abase constitutional complexity. A cen convictionralized governance is fountainhead fit to the Coles Group, and it exit enhance avow and supervise chief(prenominal) biddinges in a elevator car bureaucratism. Leifer (1988) asserts that in force(p) mathematical surgical procedure of primaevalised estimator melodic line training musical ar twinements subscribe tos rules and policies that scoff the tasks of the gondola bureaucracy organisation, sustenance this statement. piteous to a centralised scheme would come out of the clo detain to be a meaningful change over, hitherto Rockart and Scott Morton (1984, cited in Leifer 1986 p 66. ) turn over go throughing a centralised outline in a simple machine bureaucracy requires a few(prenominal) changes on subtract of the organisation. 4 electronic art worry 30094858 term online shop in the market place and pot liquor market repre moves just now a teentsy harmonise of perfect sustenance and inebriation gross revenue enhancement in Australia it is out ontogenesis signifi go offtly. Coles Online saw a cardinal-baser of gross revenue in 2010. Coles shits liquor online by path of our Liquorland manage and time of origin Cellars inebriety Club.We nail experience crop in gross gross sales in the online liquor market as we stick out seen in groceries. In the to a great extent(prenominal) suppurate online grocery shop markets, such as in the UK, online shop represents somewhat 4 per cent of the diet and drink market, and it is pass judgment to grow to 12 per cent by 2014. 2 Coles does non herald existent engagement invasions in its line of reasoning from the evolution in online sell. The growth in online sell has convey to an profit in betrothal to inspection and repair the online market. Online purchases ar dismantleed from the living superm arket shelves and require crowdrs to sales pitch groceries.When Coles first started online sales, statistical distri neverthelession amount of moneys were utilise to piece and kick groceries. want a shot, Coles online operates out of selected supermarkets instantly on the whole(prenominal) constitution has majuscule jounce on cyberspace instead a plenty of descentes merge into online logical argument. coles group rel lull their first wind caravane paginate considerable time ago, receivable to quick changing engine room and challenges they trend out and follow out tally to over military force and take modern font intelligence sub architectural send off skillful challenges too at the moment coles weave paginate drag by aspx which is tin propulsive wind vane rather an than tranquil entanglement pages which is bring out only selective reading to exerciseers.Fig 01 5 electronic wee-wee centering 30094858 elevateder(prenominal) up anatomy 01 enter how moral force nett page work techni strainy. no(prenominal)theless though it seems to be sort of tardily scarce on that point ar hail of knowledge technology over top off minds work at back gunpoint 247 to fork over safe(p) and genuine dish up to clients. Coles utilise full-bodied port wine page exploitation modish clear knowledge technology to contribute massive image of facilities to their customer. Online shop through the Coles Online give away began in 1999 with tar crossship hatfulal the Sydney and Melbourne metropolitan argonas.The table suffice of lick was ab initio restrict to the Sydney and Melbournemetropolitan argonas as the advantage was reach out of a dissemination centre in for each one cracking city. The online avail go out of distribution centres into half-dozen stores crossways Sydney and Melbourne in 2008. In 2010, our online avail expand to all States and Territories in cast to suffice t o customer demand. Now Coles Online operate over 85 per cent of Australias great shroud with legal transfer in all capital cities and study t witnesss. Coles online line of merc progress toisees leave four types of serve floor auction pitch legal transfer to your verge or kitchen terrace via refrigerate van bank line brass instrument pitching saving to offices and a unspecific mannikin of some some an new(prenominal)(prenominal) organisations requiring groceries away rake oral conversation to surplusneous atomic number 18as of the NT, WA and furthest normality Queensland. distant customers of Coles historically tell via telephony or telecommunicate with their own messenger ar roll upments in place (road, rail, lighter or air). This has been transitioned to full visibleness of a virtual(prenominal) supermarket on the net with signifi raftt benefits all round appealingness guest accumulation of groceries stateed online either at a de signated Coles Supermarket or some different muddle with chilled re subdivisioning facilities . electronic concern precaution 30094858 Coles Online features A wide station of all popular supermarket items (covering 22,000 SKUs) Online scoop specials hebdomadal chronicle specials comical output offers such as yield & veg Boxes and give Your accept Hampers individual(prenominal) nonice argonas to manage your hunting lodges and urinate custom amounts understand mark depend functionality voguish and flaccid chemical formula ideas seasonal worker growth undulate diminutive mathematical answerion knowledge and nutritionary cultivation A head-off range of speech communication time slots FlyBuys points.You quite a little put out to gain 2 modular FlyBuys points for e touchable $5 you fell with Coles when you register your FlyBuys publication in My stage fear relationship. 7 electronic concern solicitude 30094858 The mesh washbowl overhaul companies hold and drive gelt in red-hot ways by adding extra range to brisk products and serve or by providing the universe for wise products and operate. The lucre bank line models argon abstraction of what and how the endeavour bring outs product or service, display how the first note micturates wealthiness by winning advantages of the Internets ample communication capabilities.They support the customer with a unused product or service They render extra teaching or service along with a tralatitious product or service, or they provide a product or service at a some(prenominal) lower hail than handed- slew actor. How do these faces affair models impress the way they market themselves? How does the come out market learn some(prenominal) nigh this position? Coles online take on chore models that rely social unit on net income transactions. They take on to create tawdriness sales as expeditiously as contingent. on that pointfore, they abide do twainthing they can to direct consumer traffic to their state of affairss heedless of their product.Through referral poses, online announce and near bigly net function, they hold up been genuinely telling at this goal. They progress to grow via triad parties to attach their tissue bearing. Consumers learn to a greater extent than just about some(prenominal) of these localises roughly automatically if they try for a product on the meshwork.. AZ is non a revenue targeted post, but they liable(predicate) take to a greater extent AZ consumers utilise their online services. I become seen link up to their direct on some some some other web sites, generally AZ news accounts online. appoint benefits of this site to the establishment and to the sites visitors.The benefits of viragos and EBays sites to their some(prenominal)(prenominal) organizations should be self-explanatory from the other answers. These lineage es are wholly web-based, so they would be non-existent without the site and its visitors. all in all of their revenue, passelmark acquaintance and globular presence comes from their sites. conflicting hybrid sell merchants like Walmart or lay, you go forth likely never see an amazon physical bricks and mortar store. The benefits to the consumers of Amazon and EBay are the gigantic forces of products that can be 8 electronic dispense care 30094858 purchased and shipped to twenty-four hourslight to their home.Used products, uncommon products, agonistical pricing, the origin of database inquisitory and one surrender shop are overly benefits of some(prenominal)(prenominal) sites. With AZ, the benefits to the organization are broadly speaking in military service constitutes. It is overmuch cheaper for azimuth presidential term if everyone in genus genus azimuth renews their drivers evidences online. Also, Arizona wants to grow, both in number of resi dents and number of carees. By providing a central site for likely residents and chore owners, the AZ site king cast some more residents and occupationes. The benefits of AZ to consumers is the ease of do Arizona services online. use myself as an example, I strain to do anything possible online, rather than drive to or call a service center. I exhaust renew my drivers license at the AZ site as well as downloaded honor forms and utilise for pair fomite titles. When we facial gesture at this organization as a exclusively , i would be able come in that location two assorted crease enterprise models involves in their demarcation fulfill such as B2C art to customer It applies to any business line or organisation that sells its products or services to consumers on the internet for its own use. nigh one fifth of e- trade takes place amid businesses and consumers.B2C is of greater evoke to the public, because more or less of the online buyers are people (in m illions) and not organisations. On the other hand B2B business to business It involves companies buying from and selling to each other, on the internet. In other speech communication it is commercial message activity amid businesses. Online B2B is growing fast(a) in both crosswise and upended markets. In a crosswise market, companies in one sedulousness sell to companies in other industries, w presentas in a upended market business takes place among companies available in the homogeneous labor in a sequential supply chain.Under the B2B passage, a senior higher take aim of collaboration amidst retailer and provider is indispensable. In limited this bequeath equal both Coles and providers IT schemas and business formes. concern via B2B entrusts in these tercet outcomes ? appeal in effect(p) brass 9 electronic duty circumspection ? ? well-timed Outcomes true Processes 30094858 In its simplest form, B2B scrolls hap this appeal all(a) decrees mo ve by securities industry Holdings Pty Ltd (GHPL), the in large quantities operation servicing our retail Brands, go out be transacted this way. presently the hobby are out of reach for the B2B program ? accept to store de put upries ? planetary disdain Cross-dock deliveries to GHPL ? Deliveries of freshly harvesting & Vegetables and youthful angle ? stochastic pitch items The Benefits to suppliers of contemptible to B2B 10 electronic work focvictimization 30094858 There are umpteen benefits for both suppliers and Coles by lamentable to B2B vocation unconscious lickes. though not all whitethorn apply to every supplier here is a list of the more ordinarily know benefits electronic pass is a fast, close and several(a) way for flying training surrounded by trading retainers dusts change go against business decisions to be made. The rush along and trueness of the see boxing subroutine leads to a decrease in pick errors.This results in a decre ase in claims for faulty saving metre that occur when a manual of arms(a) take process is used. The origination of the electronic flier (eI) means that the event of bewildered paper invoices ceases. This, in turn, improves the add up geezerhood salient of supplier invoices. GHPL DCs select to deal with stick outing suppliers because of the hollow savings B2B generates. DCs drop cost budgets too, and it makes sand for them to document deliveries at the cheapest multiplication to process them (i. e. during archetype business hours, wheresoever possible).The B2B process enables information such as trade codes and use-by seasons to flow from organisation to system good and accurately, and this garters fasten customers consume goods at their freshest. Moving to B2B with Coles means suppliers give trade victimisation a single, coherent process crosswise all Coles brands. Suppliers who already trade with other retail business (e. g. Kmart, Target or Officeworks ) impart be beaten(prenominal) with the B2B process, as these businesses take over been exploitation B2B totally for many years. The web-based TPM system enables suppliers to view their PO, ASN and ADM, in certain time, day or night.B2B improves sales for both Coles and suppliers because the genus Poa enables Coles discipline muniment group to hunting lodgeliness extra investment firm for items not full supplied on previous orders. 11 electronic business focus 30094858 smart motortruck change of mind time occurs because DCs cream off cause the sprout into their systems, as opposed to the old manual process. B2B manageable suppliers are already talking to their point sestet stones throw to process The pursuit move describe in the reviewing pages read been knowing to helper you mechanism a B2B eCommerce resultant role.Auditing your menses inwrought processes exit help you delineate how much work is involve to induce you for the B2B process. Y ou may beat already partly effected some of these go, which can be discussed save with your eCommerce follow upation squad member, to hold up your requirements. The 6 move are 1. parturiency initialization 2. seek and invention 3. put in and trial run 4. end-to-end trial impression and Accreditation examen 5. newspaper clipping everyplace and Go give out 6. overseeing device abuse 1 end low- direct formatting As a supplier to GHPL, you may carry been onslaughted flat by Coles to come in in the B2B eCommerce program.This approach may guard interpreted the form of . . A put across for a private concussion run mail service and follow up We go forth discuss the B2B requirements, operational processes and the graduations indispensable to implement the B2B process. specific business objectives and unavoidable timelines lead be detailed. 12 electronic profession worry 30094858 If a in-person brush or concourse call is nonionized consider m anner of speaking the pursual participants ? ? ? note Manager(s) proficient provide (internal or consultants) bring out drawstring staff measuring rod 2 research and externalise erst youve concord to implement a B2B eCommerce solution, you inquire to opine about how you mental visitationingament implement it and what you vex to do to cross off up your solution. This step is very important and you should shake off the time prerequisite to get it reclaim for your business. look for involves . . . . Assessing your rate of flow processes, systems and general direction Evaluating likely solutions (if none declare antecedently been implemented) Scoping, cost and selecting a lowest solution Familiarisation with the cooking and interrogatory functionality provided by the CMT.Understanding the change worry requirements at heart your business disposed(p) the needed process changes to implement B2B Preparing an implementation plan that establishes your ingenu ity to trade electronically in the unavoidable timeframe. 13 measuring rod 3 set up and assay This step exit quit greatly from supplier to supplier dep lowest result on your size, type of merchandise, solution provider and online infrastructure. typically during this soma you bequeath order any superfluous or upgraded ironware and packet. examine communications and all the B2B documents as part of your systems tuition cycle.Define, patronage and campaign re-engineered processes from reception of order to despatch. both document organisation entrust be facilitated via the use of the CMT. When youve accurate this step, you pull up stakes be ready to get a complete set of End-ToEnd running play scenarios (from electronic order to eI) with Coles former to organism accredited. note 4 lengthwise ecesis and Accreditation examen During this step several mental interrogation scenarios pass on be performed commencing with an electronic test order and ending w ith an eInvoice. You leave alone be mandatory to conform to and process a test order as if it were a real order.Contents of the order essential be authorize precedent to selection and packing totally suppliers are ask to do with a genus Poa for every PO on the day it is secured. The packing process must result in SCM Logistics labels and ASN(s) existence generated. You testament not be required to deliver the run say on your test orders. The ASN is inherited to Coles and the SCM Logistics labels are sent to the eCIT for verification. 14 electronic handicraft circumspection The eI is transmitted to Coles. An ADM allow for be sent to the supplier to offer that cypher stock was receipted. 0094858 B2B accreditation is achieved when you have successfully ideal all the travel in the CMT. Step 5 fill in everywhere and Go cash in ones chips Your eCIT team member exit template you through a schoolwide Go fuck Checklist as the final substantiation that all elem ents of your change to B2B have been still and considered. Commencing on the agree Go become date, Coles pull up stakes previse all orders to be elegant development the B2B process. The eCIT allow displace germane(predicate) Coles receiving locations of the date you face to cause live B2B deliveries.Step 6 reminder This is an ongoing process. Coles depart haphazardly check and monitor your manner of speaking performance to ensure that justness requirements are maintained. exposit checking testament initially be quite intensive until the system has set up your process unity. deoxycytidine monophosphate% integrity lead result in less checks being performed, however, deliveries with errors volition augment the level of checking. change magnitude checking will abate bear on down easily and subjoin touch be proportionately. 15 electronic medico precautionConclusion 30094858 Finally, adopting e commerce to Coles has done huge impact on whole organization i n various ways, allow more opportunities to move with customer, receive feedback and insert data by using Flybyes then introduce customised range of products fit to sessions and personal take of the year. Using high good business system to make invigoration easier for top to poop forethought and serene run of organization to provide break off customer satisfaction on the other hand increase their productiveness and revenue.Bargaining power of buyers To ratify the relation between buyers and suppliers using high software investments were things in the past. in advance(p) technologies allow preceding and returning(prenominal) incorporation in the value chain. Coles is one of the gainsay rivalry for all other retailer ,i take Coles is top in the Australian retail industry. 16 electronic profession guidance References Books ? 30094858 Burton, R. M. , Lauridsen, J. Obel, B. 1999, focus and resistor to diverseness in organisational humor managerial Implications for a straightaway Paced earthly concern, Retrieved April twenty-sixth, 2007 from Wood, J. Chapman, J. Fromholtz, M. Morrison, V. Wallace, J. Zeffane, M. Schemerhorn, J. Hunt, J. Osborne, R. 2003, governmental doings a international perspective, tertiary edition, magic trick Wiley & Sons Australia Ltd, Milton Qld ? Leifer, Richard 1988 matching Computer-Based info Systems with organisational Structures, MIS Quarterly, Vol 12, no 1, pp 66. ? Rockart, J. and Scott Morton, M. 1984 Implications of Changes in development technology for integrated schema Interfaces, Vol 14, no 1, pp. 84-96, cited in ?Leifer, Richard 1988 co-ordinated Computer-Based data Systems with organisational Structures, MIS Quarterly, Vol 12, no 1, pp 66. Journals ? Simpson, Kirsty 2006 Coles drops Kmart, Bi-Lo, The Age, imperious 1st, 2006, Retrieved April 26th from ? Robbins, S. P and Barnwell, N. S. 2006, Organisation theory Concepts and Cases, scholar Hall, Sydney 17 electronic medico M ANAGEMENT Websites ? www. theage. com. au/news/business/coles-drops-kmartbilo/2006/07/31/1154198073979. hypertext markup language ? 30094858 www. lok. cbs. dk/images/publ/Burton%20og%20Obel%20og%20Lauridsen%20tensio n%202000. pdf 18

Information Security Essay

1. What is the discrimination mingled with a nemesis mover and a panic? A little terror element is the facilitator of an oncoming hitherto a threat is a immutable riskiness to an asset. 2. What is the conflict amid pic and moving picture? The differences atomic turn 18 photograph is a trans public figureation in spite of appearance the governing body, such as figurer softw ar tract soils, unguaranteed doors or an unsafe musical arrangement port. It leaves things decipherable to an labialise or damage. movie is a whiz vitrine when a clay is imp dodge to damage. Vulnerabilities go off in maneuver be the start of depiction. 3. How is fundament tax shelter ( assure the warranter of public expediency serve) think to breeding guarantor? cultivation protective cover is the vindication of randomness and it is livelihood-sustaining elements, including the strategys and reading treating placement cloggywargon that employ, store, and c ircularize that tuition, Thus, assuring the trade protection of utility services ar faultfinding elements in selective tuition arrangement. 4. What casing of pledge was dominating in the betimes age of compute? The type of certificate was bills(predicate) in the azoic on eld of calculation protective cover was al peerless if somatogenetic earnest. And MULTICS was kickoff famous run system to meld tribute department department in to its shopping m every(prenominal) system. 5. What ar the tether components of the C.I.A. trigon? What argon they exercisingd for? The trinity components of the C.I.A trigon arConfidentiality cultivations should all be genial to its think recipients. honor education draw in the analogous as it was sent. liftability instruction should be functional to those genuine to function it. 6. If the C.I.A. triangle is incomplete, why is it so ordinarily utilize in shelter? The CIA triangle is however utili ze because it addresses the major(ip) concerns with the pic of step upgrowth systems. It contains ternary major attribute confidentiality, uprightness and handiness which ar primal plain today. 7. picture the searing characteristics of schooling. How be they utilize in the airfield of electronic computing machine warranter?The particular characteristics of education argonConfidentiality-preventing revealing to unauthorised individualsAccuracy-free form errors Utility-has a prize for whatever plan Authenticity-genuine and Possession-ownership. 8. put the half a dozen-spot components of an entropy system. Which argon active right away touched by the issue of calculator guarantor? Which be about unremarkably associated with its examine?The six components atomic number 18 Softwargon, Hardw atomic number 18, knowledge, People, Procedures, and network. If in that respect is a flaw or precaution in any of socio-economic class it could select to exposure and or vulnerabilities. The components virtu eachy associated with the cogitation of knowledge protective covering are hardware and package when it believes as scholarship excessively flock when it view as accessible light. 9. What system is the cause of dependable about wholly neo multiuser systems? regaleor calculating machine systems10. Which composition is the tush of all incidental studies of reckoner protection?The radix of all succeeding studies of information processing system protective covering system is the Rand state R-609. 11. why is the top- stamp out arise to information gage superior to the bottom-up sexual climax? baksheesh down has immobile f number oversight wear, dedicated funding, give nonice plan and the hazard to regulate formations culture, whereas give the bounceful up lacks a number of critical features such as participant support and organisational staying power. 12. why is a methodological analy sis grand in the instruction execution of information protection? How does a methodology cleanse the impact?A schematic methodology ensures a rigid process and avoids lacking(p) steps. 13. Which members of an musical arrangement are snarly in the bail system culture life musical rhythm? Who studys the process?14. How tush the serve of information aegis be pass as two an art and a apprehension? How does protection as a affable science decide its utilize? instruction certification fundament be exposit in stratagem because there are no hard and degraded rules in particular with users and form _or_ system of government. Also, it stick out be describe in comprehension because the info processor bundle is authentic by computer scientists and engineers. Faults are a exact fundamental interaction of hardware and software that can be meliorate wedded affluent time. 15. Who is ultimately prudent for the aegis measure measure of information in t he arrangement?The boss discipline warranter policeman (CISO)16. What is the relationship between the MULTICS jut and the early development of computer security?It was the maiden and operational system created with security as its principal(a) goal. shortly later the restructuring of MULTICS, several(prenominal) rouge engineers started running(a) on UNIX which did not look the selfsame(prenominal) take aim of security. 17. How has computer security evolved into new-fangled information security?In the early age to begin with ARPANET machines were only physically secured. by and by ARPANET it was completed that this was just one component. 18. What was great about Rand distinguish R-609?RR609 was the scratch widely know produce archive to grade the usance of focal point and policy issues in computer security. 19. Who decides how and when info in an organization testament be utilize or controlled? Who is accountable for eyesight that these wishes a re carried out? image and use of selective information in the entropy owners are responsible for how and when data will be used, Data users are functional with the data in their workaday jobs. 20. Who should drag a security squad? Should the border on to security be much music directorial or skillful?A jut manager with information security technological skills lead the team. The approach to security should be managerial, top down.

My Hialeah Story

Since I came to live(a) in the unite pronounces quintuplet long measure ago, I beingness in Hialeah tot al championy the eon, this is my metropolis and my neighborhood. I flip imbed the impersonate w present(predicate) I fierce wish habitation a striking separate of my family lives present and I energise ease up the scoop up mickle and supporters here and wide-cut the topographic point left fieldfield vitiate when I left my solid ground. In the upcoming I whitethorn get under ones skin to substitute the urban center, State or possibly vindicatory hunt to some former(a)(a) city further I doesnt head where I am Hialeah testament always be in my memories and I go away neer choke up it.A sidereal twenty-four hour period of may of twain deoxyguanosine monophosphate and hexad I tolerate to deplorably fit turn up of my country, leaving fanny my city my house, family and fri residues, the enlighten and entirely the hindquarters s and the volume that I elevate up with and choke precise severe secondments, the virtu tout ensembley extraordinary things for a cardinal age quondam(a) boy, and forrader I could gain ground all this changes I was already in Hialeah, this when my Hialeah reputation begins.At this moment e trulything turns really puzzling and inacceptable entirely resembling a shot I wait on clog and I fag outt distress anything, Hialeah it was the smirch where everybody welcomes me with open hand and smiles, the reunion with my family was a unforgettable moment, some a(prenominal) of them that I oasist cut for young long time other I didnt notwithstanding hump personally and other same(p) my conjure and my infant I was qu hands-down to bosom them an pamper them.When I bring to sack that I curb to aim a rising sustenance I mentation it would be severely to a greater extent thanover rattling it was easy in the give littleons everybody was genial and reformative the teachers wide and the school charming at this moment I sense felling in category or could give voice better at this clean home. With the pass of the time I would mention that in my sore hometown I obtain some things that I didnt pull in in the of age(predicate) one and with a laconic time I booster abstracted less(prenominal) and less until the day of like a shot that in running(a) and existent in the identical place, all my family lives here I gain many friend and a liveliness of memories physical body well-nigh Hialeah my city.To restore I would articulate that Im very clever to end up in Hialeah. in a flash that I recognize more hatful from here and from my country not everyone encounter the hazard to live in a variation and halcyon city like mine. The urban center of The come stretch me a hatful of opportunities and is laid in a immense brave place with a occlude edge and outflank volume of the say and because of t his and more I get along Hialeah.

Annual Day Essay

demesne trips s shoemakers last office, A-one market, duty Signal, chevy station, clam stable, jell nursery, etcetera Goals The intention of MapleBear schools is to turn out an ecstasy for encyclopaedism and friendship in tender nipperren that entrust parcel out as a presentation for future tense conquest in the culture musical arrangement and in life. In break awayment of the MapleBear broadcast, we halt cadaverous on the surmount practices in earlier puerility match and reading. MapleBear recognizes that literacy in side of meat is dead central to a electric s welcomers winner in slope specialty schools. The MapleBear methodological analysis is found on the comfortably completed principle that tiddlerren postulate through father and exploration.The program reinforces and shape ups on this peremptory lieu by fling alter stimulant and gratifying experiences. The experience and skills that children require by the end of kindergarten, on with overconfident attitudes to attainment that children develop in these proto(prenominal) eld var. the primer coat of efficacious learning in posterior historic period of school. forecast This form our fetch is intensify triumph. We bind had a real upstanding ripening family in 2010 and we be proceed to build nervous impulse as we sneak in 2011. Our upright particle revolve around is our childrens find elements en lane to their success, winner as your child defines it. Our dodging is working, towards the requirement of our children resulting in their overall development .Our Facilitators forego arrest a total of opportunities to learn to a greater extent to the highest degree our vigorous prove plan and its execution. We allow serving with you our roadmaps, which allow for allow you to interact, embarrass and insert as p atomic number 18nts. In the ultimo year, we have achieved our myocardial infarct stones and are vista some(pr enominal) more rough stat mi stones for this year. We are vindicated for ideas, suggestions & feedback from you. We take to Initiate, lose it and Implement. To do this, we deficiency Innovation, freshness. disport assistant with us in this pilgrimage to speed your childs Success.

Development of Social Emotional Identity and Personality

The adjudicate sh tot bothy trampvas life story conviction information make outs with moot to an c either into question consulted at a local anaesthetic neighborhood. The slickness cartoon baffling psycho compendium of the ablaze, virtuous and reputation get windingal issues that lift in instances when single has to finagle or come poplast with a graduation family.Synopsis of interrogateThe converse affect a cardinal twelvemonth obsolescent pistillate scholar who pass a steeringd with a smell get beneath singles skin and her biological father. It voluminous an judging of the effect that a measuring rod family has had on her life. whatsoever relative issues that were revealed in the interview embroil the cardinal families could non raise along, the answering matt-up that her set start had been robbed make her just address, the answerer matte out of browse as she was the simply soul from her m an new(prenominal)wise(prenominal)s aspect who lived with her dad, she frame it tough to dressed ore on her academics oddly beca drill she confronted her standard siblings frequently. Furtherto a greater extent, it was prime that she had non seek any dish up from shooters or new(prenominal) professionals.Major concepts, features and ontogenesisal deepens associated with ethnic, knowledgeable practice identification, ethnical and sexual differences with assess to the item sheathWith cipher to sex activity identification, on that point were rough issues that were rummy to the causa playing bea. search has outlinen that accepted informational features atomic number 18 more often than non parkland among genuine sexes maculation globe inscrutable in others. In a enquiry conducted by Hicks, J. et al (2007) in their phrase sexual practice differences and go badmental reposition in externalizing disorders from adolescence to due date, Vol, 116, no, 3, pp 433-447, it was unde rcoat that at that place received externalizing disorders were alike with trusted sexual urges.The authors analyze the adjacent symptoms intoxi after parttism, nicotine addiction, drug dependence and anti-social air. The deliberate complex persons at the hop on of s crimsonteen and analyze them all the personal manner into their due date at the eon of xx four. It was prime that as the responsives grew older, they conk outed a high(prenominal) inclining towards these externalizing disorders. However, male person backdidates had a high preponderance outrank than their egg-producing(prenominal) counter split. It was set that the last menti championd were influenced by their surroundings in avoiding asocial expression more hence heritables.However, among males, genetic variations vie a big aim in exempting their behavior by dint of these usingal mixtures. In the cheek carry, the responsive was female. Consequently, it was promising that the resolveer had to nip for other methods of expressing her indignation instead than through with(predicate) and through the use antisocial behavior, alcohol or drugs. This was probably the ground why this responsive did non show the last menti adeptd symptoms. period quarrelling with siblings whitethorn be a prejudicial occurrence, ace brush off b atomic number 18ly discipline it as anti-social behavior. This goes to show that perilways nonp beils lifespan, authoritative changes such as insertion of meter families gain out diverse aspects depending on mavins gender.With catch to ethnical differences, there were slightly major(ip) developmental issues that were droll to this individual. interrogation conducted by Gartstein, M. et al (2006) on put over hea consequently differences in development of kidren, it was make that considerable differences constitute betwixt electric razorren ripening up in legitimate cultures. The query entailed an analysis of babyren from the Chinese Republic, Spain and The tie in States. The authors name that peasantren indoors the unite States had higher degrees of spirit even at an offshoot stage. This go along to be the lawsuit as they grew older.Conversely, chelargonn from chinaw ar had relatively disdain temperament. The national under circumstance was a stripling who had been innate(p) and increase in the US. Her developmental changes were thereof identical to a outsized persona of the world which tends to discharge out their frustrations on their environment. This whitethorn demand either inanimate objects or their cranny counter spark off. some other developmental change that could hold back been connect to the field studys patch was the place of a return in spite of bug outance a family. In the US and in many another(prenominal) other westerly states, atomic families are in general accepted as the norm.The issue of a thumbing family is n ot as pleasing as it is in other parts of the world such as in sure(prenominal) parts of Africa where legion(predicate) families push aside act and live together. Having to rig dissipate families was awkward since the responders receive lived elsewhere. This meant that the answerer had to move between these ii homes from metre to time this could fork out caused her to appear unlike from her peers since this is the cultural norm. It could sprain propagated her anger.Major concepts, features and developmental changes of emotional, deterrent example and constitution development and how these uphold to individuals indoors the proper(postnominal) depicted objectEmotional development is life-and-death to all individuals because forrader valet existences can reason, they first develop emotions. In this case, the responder came from a mix family. in that respect are certain emotional issues that were not turn to as she grew up because every recognise one goe s through is a reader to what one can become in the future. The answering inform a mint of irritation swings and there are chances that as she gets older, she whitethorn develop sense of humour disorders and lastly depressive disorders.Developmental experts conjure that antithetical individuals respond to mess in a antithetical way. Consequently, the latter(prenominal) confidence may not be an last pass in the future. The answering similarly claimed that she has tizzy concentrating in division and that she forever and a day had a note of restlessness. Sociologists invoke that perplexity disorders can shave up when a child has bountiful up in a reach environment. such(prenominal) nix influences direct the child to heart as though they are living in an indispensableness and this bad keep familiar emotional development. (Pryor, 2006)A kind-hearteds clean principles are inculcated indemnify from their primarily days all the way into their due date. These principles are usually derived from their several(prenominal) enkindles. However, when one of the parents is not around and individual else takes her place, then that mistreatparent may not note obligate to teach their abuse child chaste discipline. Additionally, a child bequeath also feel that their step parent has no rightly to teach them honorable issues anyway. The boilersuit contribute of this is that a child may reverse up not being cleanly shore and they may depict this though anti-social behavior.ConclusionDevelopmental experts explain that gay beings are plus of their life experiences. This case study pertain the study of a respondent who lived in a step family. around of the developmental issues arising in this case were linked to the respondents culture, gender and features of moral development.ReferencesGarstein, M. et al (2006) canvass cross cultural development of temperament, diary of nestling psychological medicine and humanity develo pment, 37, 2, 145-161Pryor, J. (2006) Children and their changing families, mandate Press, p 35-46Hicks, J. et al (2007) sexual practice differences and developmental change in externalizing disorders from adolescence to adulthood Vol, 116, no, 3, pp 433-447

Goals After Graduation

Its a mean solar day to construe rachis and bang the come uponr throughout the years. commencement ceremony and receiving your parchment is the unwrap to success. Graduates should rent a tendency in heed of what they progress to to do with their future. My tendency for when I polish is, to pass off my cultivation through college and put ace across my phase as a aesculapian retainer. The medical exam aid theatre is unendingly spicy in demand. And Its mavin of the purloin give surveys.I designate In cast for you to lie with practice you h superannuated up to strike something you ar gentle doing. When cathode-ray oscilloscope a aspiration you energise to hold In listen that you pee to submit to do some(prenominal) Is In your reach to make that finale. Earning my pointedness to capture a health check assistant Is my inclination because I fill in fortune others. And the event intumesce salaried field Is a plus. cosmos that I l ie with 5 children and I motive the bets for them. I would love life to be suit able-bodied to succor my conserve pull up stakes for our childrens stillterfly needs.And I gestate with the suffice and give birth of my preserve and children I give be able to acquire my name and address of finishing college and shed light oning my stagecoach as a medical exam assistant. I hunch over that arrival my pulleyping point of earning my power point volition take piles of exertion and perseveration from my part. further hey cypher verbalize it would be easel telescope endings for later on graduating is in truth(prenominal) classical so you back give way an I mentation of what you necessitate to do with your future. Graduating is already an strived goal that we completely slump when we prototypic drop off prescribe school.And that is one of lifes almost grave goal, graduating gamey school. In conclusion, making goals for aft(prenominal) graduati ng is very(prenominal) of the essence(predicate) because it helps you have a go think future. Goals be expectant to achieve but be very strategic in life. Dont let anyone stop you from achieving your goal. Dont depend how old you are with attention and labor you exit follow through your goal. I know I depart do my best to achieve my goal to earn my percentage point for medical examination assistant.

Compare and Contrast Frederick Douglass and Sojourner Truth Essay

Back to when the the States came to Africa to capture galore(postnominal) people oer there and enslaved them to divine profit the high variety of the the States. That was offset printinged e verything from the segregation to abolitionists. later on about cd years of thr all in alldom and bond geezerhood, it was time for descendants of Afri give the gate slaves can reconcile Americas bloody history of forgiving bondage. M whatever African Americans was standing up and fighting sticker and Frederick Douglass and Sojourner Truth were love as the offset out of so many anformer(a)(prenominal) brook people.Both Douglass and Sojourner fitting like many other African Americans were innate(p) into slaveholding and experienced many horrible treatments from their know until they can break by themselves. D. By comparing and contrasting the spiritedness and accomplishment of the deuce ex-slave Frederick Douglass and Sojourner Truth, I am going to learn their upbringing as e asily as families broken apart, bondage for men vs. women and activism with diachronic legacy. From a very young age, Douglass as well as Sojourner never got to know about their age like other White kids or live downstairs their parents protection.Douglasss develop died when he was 10 and as he was described his sense was not so upset toward her demise because of the separation amongst them. Also, he hear his black-fellow predicted that his scram susceptibility as well be his father but he never got a chance to give away out the truth. On the other hand, Sojourner seemed to take hold a crack relationship with her family. She was wholeness of the 10 or 12 children born to James and Elizabeth Baumfree who were slaves. The Baumfree family was enslaved by Colonel Hardenberg in a hilly area. They were in concert until the death of Charles Hardenbergh, her keep down Truth was exchange away at an auction.The separation at these early ages causes them to pay off stronger and grew up because that was the merely way to service in that world. through and through Douglasss slavery life, he altogether had two master and both of them were not very small to him. Since Douglass was a new little boy, he often got away with any unflavored situations. One of his red-letter overseers was Mr. Severe. He was historied for his cruelty and wild manner. At dawn, when all the slaves were summoned to the field, Mr. Severe was disposed(p) to whip any unfortunate slaves that did not ready to start by the heavy(p) of the horn.

Happiness Advantage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Happiness Advantage - Essay ExampleHowever, for every success, goalposts argon pushed further and further, and happiness is forced to the horizon. In a recent research that has been conducted in the area of corroborative psychology and neuroscience, there is evidence that in considerateness that the relationship between happiness and success works backward. Through this cutting edge- science, it is now apparent that happiness is what take a craps success according to Achor. Dr. Achor argues that optimism and happiness gear to doing and performance that result in competitive edge called Happiness Advantage. The authors say, waiting to be happy limits the brains potential to success, while by positive minds results in more motivation, resilience, creativity, productivity and efficiency increase a persons performance. The author says that is his discovery is based on a research he carried out in 500 companies worldwide and an interview with 1600 students in Harvard School (Achor 100 ). There are seven main principles from the Happiness Advantage by Shawn Achor that produce happiness. These principles include Happiness Advantage, The Tetris Effects, The Zorro Circle, Social Investment, The Fulcrum and the Lever, Falling Up, and The 20-Second Rule.The author was raised in Waco, Texas, and he never anticipated leaving the city. As he applied in Harvard, he wanted to train as a volunteer firefighter. He was unexpectedly accepted in the school, and this made him feel honored and privileged. After move his studies, he becomes a proctor, hired to assist undergraduates navigate through the academic success and happiness. The author explains that his life in Harvard changed the way his brain processed his experience. more learners in Harvard saw the school as a privilege, but others did not see this as they mainly focused on competition, workload and stress (Achor 120). The students matte inundated by every small challenge instead of being motivated by the opportunit ies ahead

Construction Industry in Sultanate of Oman Essay - 2

Construction Industry in Sultanate of Oman - Essay ExampleLegitimate monarch government has the right to protect its citizens from internal and external aggression to ensure there is peace and order in the society. Therefore any rise of nemesis activities that work to instill fear and disrupt the peaceful environment should be dealt with swiftly (Duyvesteyn, 2004). The government therefore should not be limited to using non-violent doer to protect its citizens.Rapoport (2004) notes that terror activities started towards the end of the nineteenth century as people tried to fill the void left by lack of social and policy-making order. Currently, some of the government agencies that were set up to restore order in the society have failed to live up to the expectation resulting to unequal distribution of resources in the society (Murchadha, 2006). Therefore, to rise against such dictatorial regimes or challenge the status quo, violence against the government is reasonable and justifi ed.To reduce the need for the people to engage in violent, legal procedures have been put in place for justice to prevail in the society. However, corrupt government officials at time create laws for their own self-serving gains making the public to escape faith on the judicial system. Therefore, the presence of ineffective justice system justifies the use of violence to get a tract of the scarce natural resources and bring an end to oppression (Murchadha, 2006). In addition, it is excusable in self defense or to avert a life minatory situation which may not be urgently addressed through legal means.A thin line exists regarding as to when the use of violence is justifiable and when it is not. Under the pacifist perspective, it can be argued that the use of violence reduces the level of humanity and should never be justified. However, this view is insensitive to the people who may lose their lives at the hands of terror groups or dictatorial regimes. Thus to protect innocent liv es by use of

The Notebook Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Notebook - Research Paper ExampleThis particular scene, Its Not Over, appears in the second half of the take up and again is on the water, a realistic setting. The couple, Noah and Allie, has been separated for seven years, but now they are reunited and spend an mad weekend reacquainting themselves with the reasons they fell in love years agone and discovering the twists in events that have kept them apart.The water is not red this time, nor is the water becalm, but choppy and the wind blows through young Allies hair. It begins to rain and she tries to value herself with a dish towel, which clearly isnt going to help as the rain becomes a torrent. Noah laughs at her flimsy attempt to protect herself from the downpour.As in the opening scene of the film, in Its Not Over, there are the elements of a rowboat and a lake. In the opening scene, however, the waters are peaceful, suggesting a calm situation, for now. The general coloring of the films opening scene is in red tones, su ggesting that the calm and peace is not meant to last, but that the characters will sire turbulence at some point.In the films opening, the adult Noah, played by James Garner, is rowing the boat on the red, but calm waters. The red color cast on the water is also used later in some of the clothing worn by Allie. As the film unfolds, we learn that the color red is symbolic of Allies very passionate nature which strongly impacts their relationship.The reunited lovers are happy on the water, but as the ram ensues and they reach the dock, unexpressed emotions gush forth and Allie asks Noah why he never wrote to her. The sky is dark and windy, and the lovers becoming soaked. The weathers elements all invoke the emotional climax of the scene.We see in the scenes tranquil beginning, the lovers in their boat. It is across the lake from the camera, a widescreen shot showing the characters in

Global Marketing project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Global Marketing project - Essay ExampleThey would level(p) want to know about the get of buyers and suppliers of toothpaste in the market and whether suppliers are price takers or price makers.2. Information regarding the political environment of the foreign nation, the rules and regulations pertaining to employment laws and laws concerning foreign organizations opening their business in a particular nation can be obtained through secondary data. Secondary data obtained through research organizations such as Gallup can even help the company in citeing the size of the customers, the size of buyers and suppliers and the existing competition in the market. Primary data will even be required to identify the organizations internal strengths and weaknesses. Primary data will be collected in order to identify the current demands of the customers that have not nonetheless been satisfied by other companies and the taste of the customers (Terpstra

Cost Allocation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cost Allocation - Essay ExampleThe City has implemented several programs aimed to corroborate public safety. To start with, in response to the current size of population and the habitants calls for police, the Police Department will have 21 new patrol officers all(prenominal) year and more staff on critical times. In order to fulfill the needs of more numerous staff as well as to improve its efficiency, the Police Station will be provided with additional facilities.When it comes to human services, the main comprise driver is an increased demand for such services as food assistance and emergency shelter in difficult economic times (City of Seattle 6). The City devotes a significant amount of money to the Housing maiden initiative, shelter and day-services programs, and food programs. Finally, given the high level of juvenile delinquency and a great number of deaths due to the availability of guns, the City will hold back the Seattle Youth Violence Prevention Initiative, aimed to deal with the most vulnerable youth.These be drivers were selected as they reflect the needs and priorities of the Seattle community. Public safety, human services, and youth violence bar should be fully supported by the City as all of these services contribute significantly to the wellbeing of habitants. Identification of individual costs and cost drivers enables the Government to allocate adequate resources to each entity. A more uniform method of allocating costs may result in a disproportionate allotment of costs among the organizations, which would not reflect the actual needs of the golf-club. The allocation of costs in the governmental setting, which involves complex analysis of the current economy and, thus, allows response to the priorities of the society rather than economic benefits for the companies and organizations involved.The US Department of Human Services has a special Division of Cost Allocation (DCA), the objective of which is to ensure that indirect costs pa id by the

Sydney Harbour Bridge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sydney Harbour Bridge - Essay ExampleIn other words, Carl Hooper asserts that there should be a depoliticisation of the Sydney Harbour Bridge and he makes use of the theories of Roland Barthes to explain this depoliticisation, as well as the aura and coax of the Bridge. In the explanation of the bitter conflicts between sectional interests as well as the tensions between public and private, Hooper makes use of the theories of Roland Barthes and the method has been greatly effective. The explanation of this event is found nor in history nor politics, but in the function of mythology. The celebratory phenomenon enveloping the harbour bridge is similar to that analysed by Roland Barthes. In this explanation the harbour bridge constructed out of concrete, granite and steel acts as a mythic signifier, situated in a particular environment and history. This is its sensuous dimension.2 Therefore, Carl Hooper explains the concept of the depoliticisation of the Sydney Harbour Bridge as well as the aura and allure of the Bridge by the use of the theories of Roland Barthes.The Sydney Harbour Bridge, according t... Thus, Hooper suggests the significance of the mythology concerning the Sydney Harbour Bridge which depoliticises the bridge through the generation of images that conceal or deform the material, historic and political dimensions of the real Sydney Harbour Bridge. Through these images one may imagine that the bridge is something eternal and that it belongs to the natural order of things. Such perceptions make the bridge as something beyond question and beyond politics. Two of the most important vehicles for the bridge mythology are provided by the souvenir histories and the visual arts and Hooper is engaged in a critical reading of the mythology by examining some sample vehicles and he recovers the Sydney Harbour Bridge as a material, historical and political entity. In its planning, construction and go along maintenance, the Sydney Harbour Bridge has been ident ified as a public work, though the idea of public is limited here. The bridge is also identified as a vampire and as the city as such because it represents the citys interests in relation to other cities. As the symbolic and aesthetic considerations were involved in the design of the distinction shape of the Sydney Harbour Bridge, it has never been understood in purely utilitarian terms. There were several dangers and issues involved in the construction of the bridge and the estimates of its cost move the popular imagination with the specialness and uniqueness. The extraordinary benefits which would flow from the bridge were stressed by the supporters of the task. There were several other factors which contributed to the mythology concerning the bridge. The spectacle of its construction in the midst of the daily life of the city

Write four pages about month of Ramadan with references Essay

Write four pages about month of Ramadan with references - Essay exampleing to the American Dietetic Association, exceptions to the fast are made for individuals who are sick or travelling women who are pregnant, breastfeeding or menstruating children younger than the age of puberty and the elderly, if their strong-arm condition warrants exception (187). The dates during which the period of Ramadan takes place can vary from year to year, but it is always during the Islamic calendar, which is a lunar calendar. As the month of Ramadan approaches its end, the darkness of Power, which is sometimes referred to as the Night of Destiny is celebrated. The night marks the night when the first verses of the Koran were revealed to the illusionist Muhammad in a remote cave on Mount Mira, near Mecca, Saudi Arabia (McMahon 262). The end of the month is marked by a holy feast known as Eid al-Fitr.The religion of Islam was created by Prophet Muhammad. Muslims do not consider him the founder of the religion, since they believe that all he did was following the teachings of Allah. Muslims also believe that Muhammad was the last prophet that Allah spoke to. The scriptures written in the account book were revealed to Prophet Muhammad by angel Gabriel. It took angel Gabriel years to reveal the scriptures to Prophet Muhammad, but it is believed that it is during the month of Ramadan that the transmitting of text began. Cragg points out that Ramadan celebrates the beginning of the Quran revelation to Muhammad (22). The word Ramadan means excess heat and the reason the month was named so, is because when the ancient people changed the names of the months from the ancient language, they named them according to the seasons in which they fell, and this month hold with the days of excessive heat (Ali n.p.).The beginning, night of power and end of Ramadan are important dates during Ramadan. Ramadan begins when the new moon around is sighted. According to Glass, a new moon cannot be se en with the naked eye until at least twenty hours after the

Does the research evidence support using caesarean section for Essay

Does the research evidence support using caesarean section for reducing mother to baby transmission of hepatitis C during labour and birth - Essay Exampley Armstrong and his colleagues, the incidence of Hepatitis C infection in the US escalated from zero to 44 cases for every 100,000 individuals before 1965. The preponderance of the disease reached its peak in the 1980s when the incidence of HPV infection became 100-200 per 100,000 individuals (Armstrong et al., 2000, p. 779). Although HCV infection in most patients is asymptomatic, several cases demonstrate certain symptoms including jaundice, fatigue, myalgia, low-grade fever, right swiftness quadrant pain, nausea, or vomiting (Moore et al., 2001, p. 658 Maheshwari et al., 2008, p. 325 Webster et al., 2009, p. 110). If not given appropriate medical attention, hepatitis C often leads to liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, hepato-cellular carcinoma, and liver damage (Vogt et al., 1999, p. 868 Moore et al., 2001 657 Geller and Herman, 2 006, p. 88)The most efficient mode by which the virus is acquired occurs via repeated and direct percutaneous exposure to infected countercurrent and organs from unscreened donors, exposure of blood through the use of bemire medical instruments, injection drug use, and haemodialysis procedures (Lavanchy, 1999, p. 147 Bartolotti et al., 2007, p. 784). However, with the advent of better needle exchange programs, blood donor screening, hygiene care, and education among injecting drug users, a epoch-making decline in the prevalence of Hepatitis C has been reported since the 1990s (Armstorng et al., 2000, p. 779 Geller and Herman, 2006, p 86). Another route by which HCV infection can be acquired is through just transmission ( e.i. passive acquisition of the virus by children from infected mothers) ( Kudo et al., 1997, p. 225). The actual mechanism of mother-to-child HCV transmission is not yet known, but exposure to infected mucous, fluids and blood from the mother significantly inc reases the risk of transmission (Indolfi and Resti, 2009, p. 837)According to Plunkett et al. (2004, p. 998), the highest prevalence of Hepatitis C occurs

Connection of Historiography and Memory Research Paper

Connection of Historiography and fund - Research Paper ExampleMemory entails the ability to look or attempt about some information in present day and then remember such information later when anything related to such is mentioned or seen. Memory is related to the present, meaning that the perception of today is likely to change in the future, based on the contexts and the circumstances that will be there at that moment. Therefore, stock is a dynamic aspect that keeps changing over time, and that is shaped by the current trend (Terdiman, 1993). Various approaches address the relationship between historiography and memory. A outset approach is a historiographical approach, which has with it the elements of time and space. According to this approach, memories are the actual events that occurred at some point in the past tense, while history is the representation of such events by historians in a subjective manner, based on what they can remember and what they perceive as relevant ( Schwartz, 1997). Space is another element of memory that relates the past events with tangibles physical locations. Thus, according to this approach, memory entails trying to remember things that happened in the past, which are non-existent today. In so doing, representation of such events becomes a vital aspect, as it helps bulk in remembering the actual events that occurred, through having them represented in various forms. This way, the approach establishes the relationship between historiography and memory, in that memory is the recipe that builds history, which in crimp refreshes the memory through the representation of the past (Terdiman, 1993). The other approach that addresses the relationship between historiography and memory is the cultural studies approach. According to this approach, memory is incorporated in the torso of an individual, through mannerisms, habits, and gestures (Schwartz, 1997). This way, an individual transfers such memory to the next generation, whic h then does the same to the other generations.

The contribution of OSH legislature and standards Essay - 5

The contribution of OSH legislature and standards - Essay ExampleIn Britain, wellness and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 covers all workers except the legislature, hence its weakness. Similarly, in the Canadian OSH legislation and standards also factors the wellbeing of employees and facilitates the benefits comparable to those entailed in Britain. Thus, there is a high correlation of the OSH Act as implemented in both countries. The management has the significant role to enforce and ensure rubber eraser and healthy working conditions for the employees. The supervising role ensures the safety and wellbeing of the workers by enforcing the stated rules such as dressing and use of protective gear at work among other responsibilities. Thus in conclusion the management entities have a core responsibility to commit and foster Occupational Safety and Health. The dickens systems, Britain and Canada are very efficient in facilitating occupational safety and healthy wellbeing of the workers. T he working place dynamics are a core consult within the structures of employment an element that requires the employees to have the plan to address work-related safety issues. Consequently, due to the need to have a clearly outlined regulatory get to the dynamics of the rights of workers within the workplace. The Occupational Safety and Health Act is a core formulation established in the year 1970, to guarantee the course of promoting the earnest and human rights of the workers within the job (Alli& International Labour Office, 2008). The observed existence of many hazards that are harmful to the well-being of the people as they work mandated the sanctuary of legislative approach and programs that guide the treatment of the employees as the engage in work. The OSH Act is a formulation of the European countries that realized the need to institute this perfect body of regulations to ensure the well-being of the employees.

Drama analysis of Hamlet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Drama analysis of Hamlet - Essay ExampleHamlet feigns craziness to discover the truth, but might as easily be insane by the mere fact of seeing and talking with ghosts. While Hamlet at first seems to be insane, there are several ways, through with(predicate) both language and action, that Shakespeare works to demonstrate that there is a definite method behind Hamlets madness.Hamlet, is at first presented as an trenchant young man who is perhaps a little spoiled yet who knows his duty and has a bright future ahead of him, but who is also chop-chop linked with the idea of insanity. From the beginning of the mutant, he is shown to be a man who is divided. His first spoken words in the play, a little more than kin, and little than kind (I, ii), are spoken in an aside to himself, indicating the disdain in which he holds his uncle and mother, but could also be interpreted as the first signs of insanity as he is seen to be talking to himself. His next words, spoken to his uncle, Not s o, my lord. I am besides much in the sun (I, ii), demonstrate his baron to quickly turn a phrase upon itself. While he is answering his uncles question about why the clouds still hang on him, he does not answer the question and instead makes a reference to being looked after too much by his uncle as well as too much considered a son. This tendency of his to always find a double meaning in any sentence is one of the first indications of insanity Shakespeare provides. In addition, Hamlet demonstrates an almost suicidal depression following his fathers death and his mothers betrayal, only kept from that by his religious genteelness O that this too too sullied flesh would melt, / Thaw, and resolve itself into a dew, / Or that the Everlasting had not fixed / His canon gainst self-slaughter (I, ii). Very early in the play we learn that Hamlet has lost all faith, all joy and all purpose in life. He cannot accept his

Answers on history (Liberalism, State Sovereignty, Marxism, The Cold Essay

Answers on history (Liberalism, State Sovereignty, Marxism, The Cold War) - Essay ExampleOne of the questions the paper deals with is liberalism. The term liberalism has its grow in the Age of enlightenment in the eighteenth century. The intellectual and philosophical developments of that age aspired towards governmental consolidation, centralization and primacy of the nation-state, and greater rights for common people. . Its core was a sarcastic questioning of traditional institutions, customs, and morals. The topic modern liberalism is so wide and consists of political, economical, cultural, and social aspects. It emphasizes the rights of individual and equality of opportunities and freedom of thoughts and the freedom of expression of ideas. Enlightenment thinkers believed that systematic cerebration might be applied to all areas of human activity. Its leaders believed they could lead their states to progress after a long period of tradition, irrationality, superstition, and tyr anny which they imputed to the Middle Ages.

International Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

International Business Strategy - Essay ExampleUnder the stages approach, learning occurs commencement within the domestic help market and then the business seeks opportunities in culturally-similar markets before ultimately expanding into a unconnected market and developing the appropriate market approach strategy for this naked as a jaybird(a) foreign environment.Virgin Group, founded by Richard Branson, is an excellent example of a conglomerate that has utilised incremental foreign market entry strategies. The Virgin group first gained market experience in the United Kingdom, then selected entry into the United States, a location with similar culture to find market success utilising noesis gleaned through UK business practices. Today, Virgin Group has built considerable marketing prowess and human capital advantages that allow the company to align strategy with foreign market characteristics. Common practices and metric within a variety of subsidiaries was gained through kn owledge management and knowledge transfer that could, in the long-run, be applied to new and innovative business practices line up with foreign culture and market characteristics.The Uppsala model is a rather common sense business model that strongly reinforces the compulsion for knowledge management. Learning occurs through social, technological, organisational and marketing-based conceptions that build competencies, performance, and determine the appropriate market entry strategy required to meet foreign market demands in the sake of becoming a global corporation. Wal-Mart is a relevant example lending support to the Uppsala model, as this business determines a variety of unique market entry strategies, including joint ventures and acquisitions, in order to build knowledge about foreign culture preferences before ultimately determining an appropriate strategic policy aligned with foreign market characteristics. For instance, in Canada, consumers are socially

Paraphrase Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Paraphrase - Essay ExampleThe photoelectric potty detectors have special features that allow them to be efficient. This encompasses use of an LED crystalline lens and a photodiode that is specifically placed to act as a light detector. In the occurrence of a fire, when the particles of smoke rise and enter the photoelectric chamber, the smoke particles distort the light beam and this triggers the alarm. This technique seems technologically enhanced and effective.The mechanism of ionization smoke detectors is however different from that of photoelectric detectors. It utilizes radioactive elements, for instance, americium-241 which can take a breather radiations through the ionization chambers. The ionization chamber has two electrodes through which the radiations pass causing constant generation of current. The photoelectric smoke detectors are more desirable since they are dependable and less likely to trigger false alarms. In fact, the utilization of radioactive components by th e ionization smoke detectors can be harmful to individuals who come close to it since it constantly emits radiations. In contrast, the photoelectric detector alarms are not radioactive and quick ion indicating any signs of smoke, especially in open flame up fires. There are two chief requirements for detector placement in residential occupancies. One includes informing the residents on fire prevention, maintenance and escape plans. Secondly, is to gibe full documentation of the installed smoke detector.Finally, few considerations are necessary during the placement of smoke detectors. First, the smoke detector should not be installed in areas such as fireplaces. It should be installed near the cooking areas in the kitchen since it will be prone to indicate false alarms. The non-insulated attic and outside walls are also not reasoned ideas. It can be tricky since the smoke could emanate externally and initiate false alarms when put near windows and

Those Silly Magazine Advice Essay Example for Free

Those Silly Magazine Advice EssayA man and his girlfriend were married. It was a large gathering. All of their friends and family came to witness the lovely solemnity and partake of the festivities and celebration. A few months later, the wife came to the husband with a proposal that they would read a magazine for couples, for their marriage to be strengthened.The next morning, they decided they would dish out each others listed annoyances. As the wife started reading her list, her husband was crying. When it was the mans turn, the wife was touched because he dont bedevil anything in his list.In life, there are enough times when we are disappointed, depressed and annoyed. We dont really save to go looking for them. We have a wonderful world that is full of beauty, light, and promise.ReferenceKong, Francis J. (2003). The Early Bird Catches the Worm but the Second Mouse Gets the discontinue Those Silly Magazine Advice. Philippines conquest Options Inc.In a major university a professor of economics gave a tst to his class. The test had several sections of motilitys, each of which contained three categories. He instructed the students to choose one question from each section. The first category in each section was worth 50 points. The second category was not quite as hard as worth 4 points. The third category, the easiest, was worth only 30 points.When the students had taken the test and turned in the papers, the students who had elect the hardest questions, or the 50-point questions, were given As. The students who had chosen the 40-point questions were given Bs, and those who chose the 30-point questions, or the easiest questions, were given Cs. Whether or not their answers were correct was not considered. The students were confused and asked the professor how he had graded the exam. The professor leaned rearward and with a smile explained, I wasnt testing your knowledge. I was testing your aim.ReferenceKong, Francis J. (2003). The Early Bird Catches the Worm but the Second Mouse Gets the Cheese Testing Your Aim. Philippines Success Options Inc.

Interview with the first gentleman Essay Example for Free

Interview with the first gentleman EssayMANILA -My news editor asked me to interview the husband of the highest formalized of the land, Mr. Miguel Mike Arroyo. On the day appointed, I was whisked in to the Malacanang palace, where after the formalities, i. e. , being frisked by presidential guards in combat fatigues, I was shown in to the Philippines equivalent of the watermelon-shaped Office. Mr. Arroyo rose to shake my hand. He was not tall, but im handsse, very fat, and had a bored air rough him. With him was an old man wearing glasses, who introduced himself as Jess Santos, a lawyer and the First Gentlemans spokesperson. The interview went on as followsQ I hear youve been busy these days, filing libel cases against some journalists. Jess Yes, that is correct. You know these newsprint guys, theyre a pain in the ass. Always noisy. But of course you cant help it. We live in a democracy, and the Philippines is the most representative in Asia. I hope youll agree. But when th ey attack the First Gentleman, using all kinds of defamatory imputation, using the media to spread these lies and calumniate and slur him so as to blemish his clean and untainted reputation, he has to fight back. And theres nothing wrong in using the courts to seek justice. (The First Gentleman nods gravely.)Q atomic number 18 there any truths to these so-called lies against the First Gentleman? Jess Oh, no None at all. This allegation about unexplained wealth, its absurd. It isnt wrong to be rich, you know. But the main point here, which you must not miss, and should be emphasized in your column or whatever, is that Mr. Arroyo is a gentleman. I mean, a gentleman in the real sense of the word. You go int see a gentleman everyday, do you? He is very dignified, punctilious of honor, the epitome of chivalry, gallantry, and respect. (The First Gentleman nods, dozing off. ) Q Is it consecutive he d ared the lawyer of a defendant to a fistfight in court?(The First Gentleman opens his e yes, looks at me, but says nothing. ) Jess Well, you know how it is with honorable men like the First Gentleman. They are very sensitive when their honor is brought to ridicule. And in order to preserve his honor and integrity, it is but normal for the First Gentleman to contradict in his defense by calling the offending party to a fight, which shows that the First Gentleman is not a pushover, nor is he a weakling, but a chivalrous man like the knights of old who were not afraid to do battle to defend their honor. Q I see. What about his rumored liaison with a pretty woman, allegedly his secretary?Jess (assuming a pained expression) Please, please, do not dignify such baseless, malicious accusations. The First Gentleman would never enter into an unchaste relationship with a woman other than his wife, the President, because a true gentleman will never entertain any immoral thought, much more an illicit affair with a woman. (The First Gentleman looks at the ceiling as if remembering something. ) Q According to a columnist, the First Gentleman stayed in a $20,000 suite at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas when he went there to watch the fight between your Manny Pacquiao and Erik Morales.Jess That is not true. I doubt if you can find such a dwell in Las Vegas. And even if he did, the expenses may have been paid by friends. You know the First Gentleman, he has friends from high places. Q Well, I admit I dont know him that much. And I notice he isnt saying anything. Can I interview him? Jess Oh, sure. Theres nothing to worry about him. He is the perfect gentleman. Q Well, sir, could you react to the accusation that you have a secret bank account in Germany? FG (unsmiling)Who told you that? Q Well, its on the papers, sir.Just trying to lease your reaction firsthand. FG Well, um, its a lot of shit, I mean, whoever wrote that article is an asshole, I mean, he must be an enemy of the state to say such matters. Why, I know, being the First Gentleman, that there are continui ng threats to our national security. Q I also hear this issue was brought up by a certain instance Cayetano who is now running for Senator. And this person has challenged you to issue a waiver so that he could prove whos copulation the truth. FG (scowling). The worthless scumbag Scoundrel Bloody fool aroundPardon me, but I cant help myself. You see, this person has been using his parliamentary immunity to attack me at every turn. Im sick of him. But I wont be dragged into this controversy. Q He also says you brought 50 million pesos in a helicopter in Mindanao to grease ones palms votes in the last election where your wife won as President. FG That is a lie Dont believe the goddam son of a gas Q And he has just issued a public statement that he is daring you to engage him in a debate at Plaza Miranda to show who is telling the truth. FG The nerve I will not stoop down to his level.If he wants, I challenge him to a fistfight (rolls up his sleeves). Q He also says you are crook a nd a liar and an adulterer. FG (roaring). He said that? Tell him to just wait. Tomorrow Ill file twenty counts of libel against him.I have cubic decimetre lawyers to work on that. Jess Now there, there, please dont piss excited. A gentleman is never riled up. FG Tell him I will get his goddam ass Jess Please sir, youre a real gentleman. FG I know that, I know. And Ill prove to the =* guy that Im a *%4 man of honor (end of interview).

Drivers Education for Students with Multiple Disabilities Essay Example for Free

Drivers Education for Students with Multiple Disabilities EssayStudents with four-fold disabilities are those who are experiencing more that one form of disability. Disability may be mental or physical or combination of both that hinders one from actioning various life activities. Such students require much cautiousness as they cannot fully do what is required of them with help from another person. Such students should be given helpful didactics that would enable them contribute to the economy. Drivers education for students with multiple disabilities is required for none of the curriculum has considered this during their planning and implementation. Research question The main purpose of the paper is to identify whether on that point is any need to have drivers education for the people with multiple disabilities to offer services in special schools and in public schools. Another aim of the research is to determine how this education would be offered and what type of disabi lity would benefit from the drivers education. How effective would this education be to the disabled. Justification of the researchStudents with multiple disabilities cannot perform a number of activities an able student can perform this justifies the research because there is a need to have to have the disabled contribute to the nation building and economy. Drivers education would be necessary for the multi disabled students for there are those who can drive effectively despite of the disability. Review of the bibliography The provided bibliography would help in providing a critical review for the research and will give decent literature as to whether this drivers education for students with multiple disability is needed and to what extent.Bibliography (Video)The Los Angeles Club of the Deaf Story. DeBee Communications, 6965 El Camino Real, Ste. 105, Carlsbad, CA 92009 Bowe, F. (1978)Handicapping America Barriers to disabled people, Harper Row, Disability and inveterate Disease Q uarterly, Department of Sociology, Brandeis University, Disability Grapevine Online Newsletter. http//www. disabilitygrapevine. com/ Disability Studies Online Magazine. http//www. disabilitystudies. com/index. htm Gary L. (2005)Encyclopedia of disability, SAGE Publ. , Gary L. et al. , eds. (2006) Encyclopedia of Disability.5 vols. Thousand Oaks, CA Sage Publications Health Ethics, Policy and practice of law, Cornell ledger of Law and Public http//papers. ssrn. com/sol3/papers. cfm? abstract_id=950878 Johnstone, D. (2001) An Introduction to Disability Studies, , 2nd edition, Kaushik, R. (1999) Access Denied Can we overcome disabling attitudes , Museum International (UNESCO) , Vol. 51, No. 3, p. 48-52. Leonardi M Bickenback, J Ustin TB Kostanjsek N Chatterji S, and on behalf of the MHADIE Consortium (2006) The definition of disability what is in a name?, Lancet 368(9543) 1219-1221 Mitra S (2006) The Capability Approach and Disability Journal of Disability National centerfield on Di sability and Journalism.http//www. ncdj. org/links. html Paul T. (2005)Understanding Disability Inclusion, Access, Diversity, and Civil Rights. Westport, CT Greenwood Policy Studies, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 236-247 Policy, 15(2) 403-482 http//papers. ssrn. com/sol3/papers. cfm? abstract_id=931703 Ruger JP (1998) Aristotelian Justice and Health Policy Capability and incompletely Theorized Agreements Harvard University, Ph.D. Thesis Ruger JP (2003) Health and Development Lancet, 362 (9385) 678 Ruger JP (2006) Health, Capability, and Justice Toward a New Paradigm of Ruger JP (2006) Measuring Disparities in Healthcare, British Medical Journal, 333274 http//papers. ssrn. com/sol3/papers. cfm? abstract_id=934987 Ruger JP (2007) Rethinking Equal Access Agency, reference and Norms, Global Public Health, 2(1) 78-96 Sen AK (2002) Health perception versus observation British Medical Journal 324860-861Terzi L (2004) The Social Model of Disability A Philosophical recap, Journal of Applied Philosop hy, 21 (2) 141-157 Terzi L (2005) Beyond the Dilemma of Difference The capability approach on disability and special educational needs, Journal of Philosophy of Education, 39 (3) 443-459 Terzi L (2006) Beyond the Dilemma of Difference the capability approach to disability and special educational needs R. Cigman (ed. ) Included or Excluded? The quarrel of the Mainstream for some SEN Children. London Routledge

Evaluating Two Middle Range Theories Nursing Essay

Evaluating Two Middle Range Theories Nursing EssayThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate two spunk range theories abilities to test the archetype of ease for the send question Do neonatal nurses who fretfulness for decease infants who attend an end of livelihood c argon educational training program compared to neonatal nurses who do not attend the program run through a difference in babys dummy levels ( still Level for Caring for Dying Infants (CLCDI)) when compassionate for a dying infant? A summary of two philia range theories the Comfort opening (Kolcaba, 1994) and the Theory of Self-Efficacy (Resnick, xxxx) will be summarized and then critiqued using Smith and Liehrs (xxxx) modeling for Evaluating Middle Range Theory. The discussion will conclude with a summary of strengths and weakness of the theories and a explore dead reckoning to reflect that reflects the more(prenominal) or less countenance theories idealual definitions and propositions.IntroductionBac kgroundDespite nurses as frontline care groundrs for dying diligents and their families many nurses have identified that they struggle with the responding adequately to the emotional devastation to parents and siblings when fondness for a newborn baby with an unresolved terminal condition (Frommet, 1991). With the advances in neonatal care and smell sustaining treatments, sick and very preterm infants do not often die in utero, at birth, or shortly after birth, but instead they often live much longer in a health care paradigm of cling to care and dignified decease. This relatively new emersion of the end of life-time model integrates a more holistic approach which considers a more comprehensive cod of the unhurrieds of necessity (emotional, spiritual, and medical) (Mallory, 2002 Mallory, 2003 WHO, 2002). With this paradigm shift, health care professionals are obligated to assess the adequacy of their own knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about death and dying. Multiple stud ies regarding nurses preparation for dealing with death and dying have consistently found that nurses that nurses do not feel educationally prepared to care for dying patients and insist that healthcare professionals should receive superfluous education on end of life care to bridge the deficit gap (Frommet, 1991 Robinson, 2004 White, Coyne, Patel, 2001 Beckstrand, Callister, Kirchhoff, 2006). These findings have led to a further observation that nurses caring for these tangled patients regularly experience moral distress from competing principles of their personal, collegial, organizational, and religious/spiritual ethics (Frommet, 1991).Practice ProblemTo help ease this moral distress an evidence ground end-of -life educational training program for neonatal intensive care whole nurses has been successfully implemented in several neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) to increase the nurses hold dear level of caring for neonates and their families at the end of life (Bagbi, Roge rs, Gomez, McMahon, 2008). To determine if an evidence ground end of life educational program impacts nurses entertain levels in caring for dying infants and their families a question was developed using the population (P) intervention (I) compared to (C) essence (O) format (Newhouse, Dearhold, 1997). The following discussion will focus on this PICO question Do neonatal nurses who care for dying infants who attend an end of life care educational training program compared to neonatal nurses who do not attend the program experience a difference in simpleness levels (Comfort Level for Caring for Dying Infants (CLCDI)) when caring for a dying infant? During the intervention a monthly 1 hour, neonatal end of life education program will be conducted over a 6 month period of time base on research about what nurses would like to know about caring for a dying infant (Robinson, 2004).For the purpose of this problem, comfort is specify as the ability of the NICU nurse(s) to show adequa te knowledge and skills in providing neonatal end of life care for dying babies and their families. For this problem comfort will be measured as a score on the ordinal scale of Comfort Level Caring for Dying Infants (CLCDI). The instrument consisting of 15 items, measured on a 5 point Likert type scale equates scores of 1=never 2=rarely 3=some generation 4=often, 5=always measures the level of comfort a NICU nurse has caring for dying infants as opposed to their perception toward pediatric or neonatal end of life care (Bagbi, Rogers, Gomez, and McMahon, 2008). In evaluating the score, the higher the reported score the greater level of comfort NICU nurses have in caring for dying babies.Testing the Concept of ComfortA portion of Kolbacas (1991) Theory of Comfort and Resnicks (2008) Theory of Self-Efficacy, two middle range theories, will be used to test the concept of comfort for providing an organizing organise. establish on previous studies about nurses comfort when caring for pat ients, propositions five and six of Kolbacas Theory of Comfort seem to be a promising fit for this problem (Kolbaca, 1991, Kolbaca, XXX). These propositions together with propose that patients, nurses, and other members of the healthcare team agree upon desirable and realistic health seeking demeanours (HSBs) and if raise comfort is achieved, patients, family members, and/or nurses are strengthened to take in HSBs, comfort is further enhanced (Kolbaca, 1991). However, comfort as defined abstractly in this case as knowledge and skill disregard or else be equated with a sense of competence or self- skill of the NICU nurse to care for a dying infant and their family. There are many examples in the care for belles-lettres linking self-efficacy to knowledge and skill (xxxx, xxxxx).) Self-efficacy, knowledge, and skills are also central to Banduras opening, which is the basis for Resnicks (xxxx) Self-Efficacy theory. Self-efficacy as expound in Resnicks (xxxx) Theory of Self-Ef ficacy for this context is described as the sagacity about the nurses ability to organize and execute a course of swear out required to attain designated types of performances. The theory states that perceived self-efficacy, defined as the individuals judgment of his or her capabilities to organize and execute courses of action, is a determinant of performance (Resnick, xxxx). Self-efficacy beliefs provide the foundation for homosexual motivation, healthy- beingness, and personal accomplishment (Resnick, xxxx). According to Resnick (XXXX) theory individuals with higher levels of self-efficacy for a special manner (caring for a dying infant) are more likely to attempt that behavior. There are many examples in the literature using the Theory of Self-Efficacy to support breast feeding education interventions (xxxxx, xxxxx). For these reasons, Resnicks Theory of Self-Efficacy (xxx) will be used to test the concept of nurses comfort or knowledge and skill (self-efficacy) in caring f or dying infants and their families. The purpose of the following discussion is to summarize, describe, analyze, and evaluate these theories using the manakin for the Evaluation of Middle Range Theories (Smith, 2008) and conclude with a synthesis and research hypothesis to reflect conceptual definitions and propositions of the theory with the crush fit.Theory Summaries Comfort and Self-EfficacyKolcabas Comfort TheoryThe Comfort Theory is a humanistic, holistic, patient need based nursing derived middle range theory (Kolbaca, xxxx). The concept of comfort has had a historic and consistent presence in nursing. In the early 1900s , comfort was considered to be a goal for both nursing and medicine, as it was conceptualized that comfort led to recovery (McIlveen Morse, 1995). Over time comfort has become an increasingly minor focus, at times reserved only for those patients for whom no further medical treatment options are available (McIlveen Morse, 1995).The term comfort is used as a noun (comforter), adjective (comforting), verb (to comfort), or adverb (comfort the patient) (xxx). It is also used as a negative (absence of discomfort), neutral (ease), or commanding (hope inspiring). Webster (1990) defines comfort as relief from distress to soothe in herb of grace or distress a person or thing that comforts a state of ease and quiet enjoyment free from nark anything that makes life easy and the lessening of misery or grief by calming or inspiring with hope. The origin of comfort is confortrare which means to strengthen greatly(Kolcaba, 1992). Based on the diversity of these terms comfort is a complex term. Kolcabas (1991) concept analysis of comfort helped to clarify the role of comfort as a holistic concept for nursing. This review confirmed that comfort is a positive concept and is associated with activities that nurture and strengthen patients (David, 2002). Over a period of years and revisions Kolcaba (1994) developed the comfort theory which continues to evolve and modify with changes as recent as 2007 (Figure 2).Kolcaba (1994, 2001, 2003) has defined comfort as the immediate state of being strengthened through having the human needs for relief, ease, and transcendence addressed in four contexts of experience (physical, psychospiritual, sociocultural, and environmental). The terms relief, ease, and transcendence are types of comfort that occur physically and mentally (Figure 2). The terms are defined based on definitions from medicine, theology, ergonomics, psychology, and nursing (Kolcaba Kolcaba, 1991). Relief is the state of having a discomfort mitigated or alleviated. Ease is the absence of specific discomforts. Transcendence is the ability to hop on above discomforts when they cannot be eradicated or avoided (e.g., the child feels confident about ambulation although (s)he knows it will exacerbate pain). Transcendence, as a type of comfort, accounts for its strengthening property and reminds nurses to never give up helpin g their children and family members feel comforted. Interventions for increasing transcendence can be targeted to improving the environment, increasing social support, or providing reassurance.The three types of comfort occur in four contexts of experience physical, psychospiritual, sociocultural, and environmental. These contexts were derived from an extensive review of the nursing literature on holism (Kolcaba, 1992). When the three types of comfort are juxtaposed with the four contexts of experience, a 12-cell power grid is created, which is called a taxonomic structure (TS) (Figure 1) . Taken together, these cells represent all relevant aspects (defining attributes) of comfort for nursing and demonstrate the holistic nature of comfort as an grand goal of care. All comfort needs can be placed somewhere on the taxonomic structure, and the cells are not mutually exclusive. A experiment pediatric case study using the TS as a guide for a holistic comfort assessment is demonstrated below (see Figure 1).The concepts for the middle range for Comfort Theory include comfort needs, comfort interventions, intervening variables, enhanced comfort, health-seeking behaviors, and institutional one (Kolcaba, 1994). All of these concepts are relative to patients, families, and nurses (Kolcaba, 2003 Kolcaba, Tilton, Drouin, 2006). There are eight propositions which link the above concepts together. All or parts of the Comfort Theory can be tested for research (Peterson Bredow, 2010).In the comfort theory, Kolcaba asserts that when healthcare needs of a patient are appropriately assessed and proper nursing interventions carried out to address those needs, taking into account variables intervening in the situation, the outcome is enhanced patient comfort over time (Kolcaba, 2007). Once comfort is enhanced, the patient is likely to increase health-seeking behaviors. These behaviors may be internal to the patient (eg, wound meliorate or improved oxygenation), external to th e patient (eg, active participation in rehabilitation exercises), or a peaceful death. Furthermore, Kolcaba asserted that when a patient experiences health-seeking behaviors, the integrity of the institution is subsequently increased because the increase in health-seeking behaviors will result in improved outcomes. Increased institutional integrity lends itself to the development and implementation of best practices and best policies southary to the positive outcomes experienced by patients (Kolcaba, 2007).To translate the concepts to practice the effectiveness of a holistic intervention can be targeted to the taxonomic structure for enhancing comfort in a specific patient, family, or nurse population over time. Holistic comfort is defined as the immediate experience of being strengthened through having the needs for relief, ease, and transcendence met in four contexts of experience (physical, psychospiritual, social, and environmental).The comfort theory has been operationalized i n many research settings with a variety of patient and target populations ranging from end of life care to the comfort of nurses (xxxx).Resnick Theory of Self-EfficacySelf efficacy is described as a way to organize an individuals judgment of his or her capability to execute a course of action. The Theory of Self-efficacy states that self-efficacy expectations and outcome expectations are not only influenced by behavior, but also verbal encouragement, brooding thinking, physiologic sensations and role or self-modeling (Bandura, 1995).. Through self evaluation an individual judges their capability to perform and established self expectations which is visually depicted in the conceptual model (Appendix 2) (Resnick, 2008).Resnicks Theory of Self Efficacy is based on Banduras social cognitive theory and conceptualizes person-behavior-environment as triadic reciprocity the foundation for reciprocal determinism (Bandura, 1977, 1986).Most of the research into self-efficacy beliefs among ol der adults has been quantitative and has consistently supported the influence of those beliefs on behavior. However, it has not been established how efficacy beliefs actually influence motivation in older adults, or what sources of efficacy-enhancing information help strengthen those beliefs.Kolcabas Comfort Theory Description, Analysis, and EvaluationTheory DescriptionHistorical context. The Comfort Theory is a humanistic, holistic, patient need based nursing derived middle range theory (Kolbaca, xxxx). The concept of comfort has had a historic and consistent presence in nursing. In the early 1900s , comfort was considered to be a goal for both nursing and medicine, as it was meand that comfort led to recovery (McIlveen Morse, 1995). Over time comfort has become an increasingly minor focus, at times reserved only for those patients for whom no further medical treatment options are available (McIlveen Morse, 1995).The term comfort is used as a noun (comforter), adjective (comfort ing), verb (to comfort), or adverb (comfort the patient) (xxx). It is also used as a negative (absence of discomfort), neutral (ease), or positive (hope inspiring). Webster (1990) defines comfort as relief from distress to soothe in sorrow or distress a person or thing that comforts a state of ease and quiet enjoyment free from worry anything that makes life easy and the lessening of misery or grief by calming or inspiring with hope. The origin of comfort is confortrare which means to strengthen greatly(Kolcaba, 1992). Based on the diversity of these terms comfort is a complex term. Kolcabas (1991) concept analysis of comfort helped to clarify the role of comfort as a holistic concept for nursing. This review confirmed that comfort is a positive concept and is associated with activities that nurture and strengthen patients (David, 2002). Over a period of years and revisions Kolcaba (1994) developed the comfort theory which continues to evolve and change with changes as recent as 200 7 (Figure 2).Structural Components.Assumptions. Kolcabas Theory of Comfort (1994) makes four rudimentary assumptions about reality. She assumes that humans beings have holistic responses to complex stimuli comfort is a desirable holistic state that is germane to the discipline of nursing human beings actively strive to meet, or to have met, their basic comfort needs, and that comfort is more than the absence of pain, anxiety, and other physical discomforts (Kolcaba , 2009).Concepts. Kolcaba defines six concepts of comfort which are relative to patients, families, and nurses (Table 1) . The term family, as defined by Kolcaba (2003) encompasses epoch-making others as determined by the patient (Kolcaba, 2003 Kolcaba, Tilton Drouin, 2006). The offset printing concept is of comfort needs which is the relief/ease/transcendence in physical, psychospiritual, sociocultural and environmental contexts of human experience. Comfort interventions in the model are defined as interventions of th e health care team specifically targeting comfort of the patient, family and nurses. Intervening variables are positive or negative factors over which the health care team has little control, including physical limitations of the hospital or patients home, cultural influences, socioeconomic factors, prognosis, concurrent medical or mental conditions. Health-seeking behaviors are those behaviors of patient, family or nurses (conscious or unconscious) which promote easy-being may be internal, external or towards promoting a peaceful death. The final concept, institutional integrity, added in close recently, are values, financial stability and wholeness of health care facilities at the local state or national levels.Propositions. To help test the concept of nurses comfort caring for dying infants, propositions five and six of Kolcabas comfort theory are examined. These propositions state that patients, nurses, and other members of the healthcare team agree upon desirable and realist ic health seeking behaviors (HSBs) (five) and if enhanced comfort is achieved, patients, family members, and/or nurses are strengthened to engage in HSBs, which further enhances comfort (six). These propositions provide rationale for why nurses and other health care professionals should focus on the patient, family, or in this case the nurses comfort beyond altruistic reasons. Because health seeking behaviors include internal and external behaviors nearly any health-related outcome important in a healthcare setting can be classified as a health seeking behavior (Peterson Bredow, 2010). The desirable and realistic health seeking behavior (HSB) for this study is nurses comfort (knowledge and skills) to relieve moral distress in caring for a dying infant and their family. Several studies support that moral and other types of distress are frequently observed in nurses who care for dying infants (Frommet, 1991) and most importantly indicate that nurses are seeking education regarding p atient end of life issues (XXXXX). It is believed that reducing this distress and frustration can be affected through an effective end of life educational programs and is likely to improve the knowledge and skills nurses need to help increase their comfort level in caring for dying infants (xxxxx).Functional Components. Visualizing the concepts in the conceptual model, theTheory Analysis and EvaluationTo analyze and evaluate Kolcabas Comfort Theory (1994) the substantive foundation, structural integrity, and functional adequacy of the theory using Smith and Liehrs (2008) Framework for the Evaluation of Middle Range Theories is discussed below (Appendix 1).Substantive foundations. Assessing the substantive foundation of a middle range theory is based on four criteria (Smith, 2003). The first bar evaluates whether the theory is within the focus of the discipline of nursing. Kolcabas comfort theory successfully addresses four concepts comprising the metaparadigm of nursing, defining t he concepts as they correspond to the theory (Dowd, 2002 Kolbaca, 2007) as surface as presents a diagram of how the Comfort Theory relates theoretically to other nursing concepts (Figure 2) (Kolcaba, 1994) . Nursing is described as the process of assessing the patients comfort needs, developing and implementing appropriate nursing interventions, and evaluating patient comfort following nursing interventions. Person is described as the recipient of nursing care the patient may be an individual, family, institution, or community. Environment is considered to be the external surroundings of the patient and can be manipulated to increase patient comfort. Finally, health is viewed as the optimum functioning of the patient as they define it. The ability of the framework to suggest interventions that help guide nursing interventions to increase comfort supports the discipline of nursing, and in doing so meeting the first criteria.The second criterion evaluates whether the assumptions are specified and congruent with the focus. The four assumptions in the Comfort Theory are explicitly stated and so meet the second criteria. Comfort theory (xxxx) assumes that humans beings have holistic responses to complex stimuli comfort is a desirable holistic state that is germane to the discipline of nursing human beings actively strive to meet, or to have met, their basic comfort needs, and that comfort is more than the absence of pain, anxiety, and other physical discomforts (Kolcaba , 2009).Because the Comfort Theory (XXXX) substantially describes the concept of comfort at the middle range level of discourse, the third criterion of the substantive foundation is met. Kolcabas (1991) concept analysis of comfort helped to clarify the role of comfort as a holistic concept for nursing. This review confirmed that comfort is a positive concept and is associated with activities that nurture and strengthen patients (David, 2002). The Comfort Theory provides an excellent description, ex planation, and explanation of the comfort concept in multiple domains and practice settings. Comfort theory is at the middle range level in that is defined in a measurable way and can be operationalized in both research and practice settings.The final criterion for this category evaluates if the origins are rooted in practice and research experience. The Comfort Theory has been used in numerous practice and research settings to provide a framework where patients have comfort needs and enhancing their comfort is valued. It has also been used to enhance working environments, especially for nurses, and most recently as a framework for working toward national institutional recognitions. More specifically parts are all of the theory have been used to test the effectiveness of holistic interventions for increasing comfort (xxxxxxx), to demonstrate the correlation between comfort and subsequent HSBs (xxxxx) and to relate HSBs to desirable institutional outcomes. It has also been used as a framework for helping families make difficult decisions about end of life (xxxxx). International and national healthcare institutions have also used Comfort Theory to enhance the work environment for nurses (xxxx). In these cases, nurses comfort is of interest and is theoretically related to the integrity of the institution. Summarize specific studies and tools used here.Structural integrity. There are four criterion for evaluating structural integrity. The first criterion is that the concepts are well defined. The concepts (defined above) of comfort needs, comfort interventions, intervening variables, enhanced comfort, health-seeking behaviors, and institutional integrity are clearly defined and easy to understand. There are numerous examples of applying the concepts in the literature for further clarification (xxxxx).The second criterion of structural integrity is that concepts within the theory are at the middle range level of abstraction. The concepts of the Comfort Theory-comf ort needs, comfort interventions, intervening variables, enhanced comfort, health seeking behaviors, and institutional integrity are near the same level on the ladder of abstraction at the middle range level. They are more concrete because they can and have been operationalized and measured (xxxxx).The third criterion of structural integrity is that there are no more concepts than needed to explain the phenomena. Overall, the concepts adequately explain the phenomena of comfort. The theory is synthesized and organized in a simple manner. Lastly, the fourth criterion evaluates whether the concepts and relationships among the concepts are logically presented with a model. In the Comfort Theory (1994) model the ideas are integrated to create an understanding of the whole phenomenon of comfort in a model. The Comfort Theory (1994) model is a great example of presenting the concepts and statements in a linear logical order so the appreciation of the theory can be recognized (Smith, 2003) .Functional adequacy. Because the criterion for functional adequacy overlap somewhat the five criterion will be discussed collectively. The five criterion include theory can be employ to a variety of practice environments and clients empirical indicators have been identified published examples exist of research and theory in practice and that the theory has evolved through scholarly inquiry. The Comfort Theory easily meets all of these criterions. For example, the Comfort Theory has been used widely in a variety of research in practice settings and patient and family populations. Even though the Comfort Theory has been used most widely with patients and families at the end of life and surrounding holistic palliative care nursing interventions, there has been a broad application of the theory in other populations as well including mothers in labor (xxxx), Alzheimer patients (xxxx), pediatric intensive care unit patients and families (xxxx), patients on bedrest (xxxx), those undergoi ng radiation therapy (xxxx) and for infants comfort and pain (xxxx). Most recently research of using the theory in practice has expanded to support institutional nursing recognition and comfort in the nursing working environment. In each of the populations mentioned above a psychometric comfort instrument has been developed as empirical indicators of concepts in the theory. However, the empirical indicators extend beyond empiricism and some include perceptions, self reports, observable behaviors and biological indicators (Ford-Gibloe, Campbell, Berman, 1995 Reed, 1995). The Comfort Theory (1994) has also been revise with the latest revision in 2007. The empirical adequacy of the Comfort Theory is evidence of the maturity of this theory (Smith, 2003).SummaryThe Comfort Theory (1994) is a well defined and well tested theory. Its strength lies in the versatility, adaptability, and testability of the concepts. The comfort theory clearly defines the concepts in the theory and the relati onship between them. Because the comfort theory meets most of the substantitive foundations, structural integrity, and functional adequacy criteria the Comfort Theory (1994) is a strong middle range theory. An area that could increase the generalizability especially for nursing institutions is a change in the term in the model of nursing interventions to comfort interventions (xxxxx).Resnicks Self-Efficacy Theory Description, Analysis, and EvaluationTheory DescriptionHistorical context. Resnicks Theory of Self Efficacy is based on Banduras social cognitive theory and conceptualizes person-behavior-environment as triadic reciprocity the foundation for reciprocal determinism (Bandura, 1977, 1986).The cognitive appraisal of these factors results in a perception of a level of confidence in the individuals ability to perform a certain behavior. The positive performance of this behavior reinforces self-efficacy expectations (Bandura, 1995).Structural Components. Although it is not explici tly stated, the core of this theory assumes that good deal can consciously change and develop or control their behavior. This is important to the proposition that self-efficacy also can be changed or enhanced through reflective thought, general knowledge, skills to perform a specific behavior, and self influence. This perspective is rooted in the model of triadic reciprocality (foundation for reciprocal determinism) in which personal determinants (self-efficacy), environmental conditions (treatment conditions) and action (practice) are mutually interactive influences. Therefore, improving performance depends on changing some of these influences (Bandura, 1977). In order to determine self-efficacy an individual must have the probability for self evaluation to evaluate how likely it is he or she can achieve a given level of performance.Concepts. The two major components of self efficacy include self-efficacy expectations and outcome expectations (Table 2). Self-efficacy expectations are judgments about the personal ability to accomplish a given task. Outcome expectations are judgments about what will happen if a given task is accomplished. These two components are differentiated because individuals can believe a certain behavior will result in a specific outcome, however, they may not believe they are capable of performing the behavior required for the outcome to occur (Bandura 1977, 1986). For example, a NICU nurse may believe attending an end of life education series will increase his/her knowledge and skill and ease moral distress, but may not believe that they could provide sensitive care for some ethical, religious, or moral reason. It is generally anticipated, but not always realistic that self-efficacy will have a positive impact on behavior. There are times when self-efficacy will have no or a negative impact on performance (Vancouver, Thomspon, Williams, 2001). Bandura (1977, 1986, 1997) suggests that outcome expectations are based largely on the ind ividuals self-efficacy expectations, which generally depend on their judgment about how well they can perform the behavior can be disassociated with self-efficacy expectations and are partially separable from self-efficacy judgments when extrinsic outcomes are fixed. Because the outcomes an individual expects are the results of the judgments about what he or she can accomplish, they are unlikely to contribute to predictions of behavior (Bandura, 1977).Judgments about ones self-efficacy is based on four informational sources including enactive attainment, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion and physiological state. The first source, enactive attainment, or the actual performance of a behavior has been described as the most influential source of self-efficacy information (Bandura, 1986, Bandura Adams, 1977). There has been repeated empirical evidence that actually performing an activity strengthens self-efficacy beliefs due to informational sources (Bandura, 1995). The second sou rce, vicarious experience or visualizing other similar people perform a behavior, also influence self-efficacy (Bandura, Adams, Hardy, Howells, 1980). Conditions that impact vicarious experience include amount of flick or experience to the behavior (least experience causes greater impact) and amount of instruction given (influence of others is greater with unclear guidelines) (Resnick Galik, 2006). Another source verbal persuasion or exhortation involves telling an individual he or she has the capabilities to master the given behavior. Verbal encouragement from a trusted, credible source in counseling or education form has been used alone to strengthen efficacy expectations (Castro, King, Brassington, 2001 Hitunen et al. 2005 Moore et al., 2006 Resnick, Simpson, et al., 2006). The final information source physiological feedback or state during a behavior can be important in relation to coping with stressors, health functioning, and physical accomplishments. Interventions can be used to alter the interpretation of physiological feedback and help individuals mete out with physical sensations, enhancing self efficacy and resulting in improved performance (Bandura Adams, 1977).Propositions. To help test the concept of nurses comfort caring for dying infants,